The Physical Institute has a right to be proud of the achievements of its scientists awarded Nobel prizes (I.E. Tamm, P.A. Cherenkov, I.M. Frank, N.G. Basov, A.M. Prokhorov, A.D. Sakharov, V.L Ginzburg). Works by the staff of the Institute made an impressive contribution practically to all fields of modern physics. Many important results and discoveries are associated with the names of scientists, who worked at the Institute:

• Raman scattering; Mandeshtam-BriUouin scattering; Vavilov's law; Levshin-Perren formula; Tamm levels; the Hartree-Fock method; the phase stability principle; the Vavilov-Cherenkov effect; the Franz-Keldysh effect; an outstanding contribution to the theory- of superconductivity; the idea of an exchange nature of nuclear forces; the concept of the muonic catalysis of nuclear reactions; an explanation of the origin of baryon asymmetry of the Universe; the concept of supersymmetry
• the bases of controlled thermonuclear fusion and thermonuclear weapons; the principle of inertial (laser) thermonuclear fusion; the concept of a hybrid nuclear reactor; neutronic studies;
• formulation of a new principle of generation of electromagnetic waves; development of masers and optical quantum generators; fundamental and applied studies in the field of lasers for civil and defense applications (semiconductor injection lasers; electroionization, excimer, chemical lasers; photodissociation lasers pumped by open-discharge and shock-wave radiation); laser units for plasma spherical compression and heating; laser frequency standards; laser location of the Moon; application of lasers for probing the atmosphere and control of the Earth's ozone layer;
• the phenomenon of self-focusing of light beams in a nonlinear medium; the effect of reversal of the wavefront of light; the method of intracavity spectroscopy;
• studies of elementary particles using a cloud chamber; the principle of recording nuclear particles - a bubble chamber; studies of cosmic rays in high-altitude stations, aerostats, space vehicles and neutrino stations in the Caucasus; prediction and detection of transient radiation;
• the theory of the swelling Universe; fundamental results in the field of radioastronomy; discover}' of the solar supercorona; detection of radio recombination lines of highly excited atoms of hydrogen and other elements of the interstellar medium; detection of the polarization of radio frequency emission from the Crab Nebula; the first catalogues of radio sources in thie centimetre wavelengtli range; studies of pulsars and interstellar plasma; detection of giant radio pulses from pulsars; development of superlong-base radiointerferometers; studies of radio frequency emission from galactic clusters; detection of radio frequency emission from an X-ray pulsar;
• discovery of the fer​roelectric state of barium titanate; participation in the development of do​mestic transistors; predic​tion, detection and studies of electron-hole fluid; de​velopment and implemen​tation of superfast nano-electronic devices based on resonant tunnelling hetero-structures.

1. Colloid-electrochemical Institute (P.A. Rebinder, 1937);
2. Scientific Research Institute for Nuclear Physics of the Moscow State University (D.V. Skobeltsyn, 1946);
3. Radiotechnical Laboratory of the USSR Academy of Sciences (A.L. Mints, 1946), since 1957, Radiotechnical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences;
4. Obninsk Scientific Research Laboratory (D.I. Blokhintsev, 1947); in 1950, reorganized into the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering;
5. Laboratory of High Energies of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, V.I. Veksler, 1956);
6. Acoustical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (LM. Brekhovskikh, 1953);
7. Laboratory of Neutron Physics of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, LM. Frank, 1957);
8. Institute of Semiconductors of the Siberian Division of the USSR Academy of Sciences (A.V. Rzhanov, 1962);
9. Institute of Spectroscopy of the USSR Academy of Sciences (S.L Mandelshtam, 1968);
10. Institute for Nuclear Research of the USSR Academy of Sciences (AN. Tavkhelidze, 1970);
11. Institute of General Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences (A.M. Prokhorov, 1982).

The success of the LPI is based on the traditionally strong scientific schools, which emerged and developed together with the Institute. The historically formed broad range of research, which covers almost all directions of physics, conditioned the current structure of the Physical Institute, which includes six scientific divisions.

At present, the Institute has about I6OO staff; 800 of them are research scientists, including 22 members of the Russian Academy of Sciences, about 200 Doctors of Science and 400 Candidates of Science. The Institute has its branches in Troitsk, Samara, Protvino, Alma-Ata; the radioastronomical observatories in Pushchino and Kalyazin; the laboratory in Dolgoprudny